中国の農民工、昨年は2億9700万人超、その実情は如何

中国の農民工、昨年は2億9700万人超、その実情は如何

中国の農民工、昨年は2億9700万人超、その実情は如何

【東方新報】中国国家統計局が4月30日に年次調査報告を発表した。昨年の中国国内の農民工総数は2億9753万人、前年比191万人(0.6パーセント)の増加となった。収入面では、建設業界の農民工の収入が最も高かった。

 今回発表された『農民工観察調査報告2023年』によると、より多くの農民工が出稼ぎを選択している。地元で働く農民工は1億2895万人、前年比277万人(2.2パーセント)減少している一方、出稼ぎ農民工は1億7658万人で、前年比468万人(2.7パーセント)増加している。

 出稼ぎ行き先から見ると、農民工は引き続き中部・西部地域に逆流している。東部地域で雇用された農民工は1億5277万人で、前年比1.1パーセント減少した。

その他の地域で雇用された農民工概ね前年より増加した。中部地区では6982万人が雇用され、最大の増加率を示した。東北地区では872万人が雇用され、前年比3.4パーセントの増加で、最速の増加率だった。

 昨年の農民工の平均年齢は前年より0.8歳高い43.1歳だった。

 また短期大学卒業以上の高学歴の農民工は15.8パーセントで、前年より2.1ポイント増加した。一方、就学履歴が無い農民工は0.8パーセントに過ぎなかった。

 農民工は就職安定の重点ターゲットの一つだ。昨年の農民工の就業状況の特徴として、第3次産業での就業率が53.8パーセントとなり、前年比2.1ポイント上昇したこと、また農民工全体の平均月収が4780元(約10万2614円)で、前年から165元(約3542円)、3.6パーセント増加したことがあげられる。

 建設業、サービス業、卸売り/小売りなど農民工の6つの主要な就業部門の平均月収は、いずれも前年比で伸びを継続した。中でも、卸売/小売業に従事する農民工の平均月収は4181元(約8万9755円)となり、前年比5.1パーセント増と最も高い伸びを示した。また最も高い収入を得たのは建設業に従事する農民工で、平均月収5488元(約11万7813円)だった。

 農民工の居住状況に関しては、昨年末時点で、都市部に住む農民工は1億2816万人で、その1人当たりの居住面積は24.0平方メートルで、前年比1.4平方メートル増加した。

 興味深いことは、都市部に住む農民工の47.3パーセントが、今自分が住んでいる都市の「地元民」だという認識があり、86.3パーセントが「居住地の生活に非常に適応している」または「比較的適応している」と回答したことだ。こういう意識はやはり前年を上回っていたとのことだ。(c)東方新報/AFPBB News

【翻訳編集】(c)東方新報/AFPBB News

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