「経済衰退の象徴」Z世代が消費復活の原動力という“大不振”中国のジレンマ

「経済衰退の象徴」z世代が消費復活の原動力という“大不振”中国のジレンマ

「経済衰退の象徴」Z世代が消費復活の原動力という“大不振”中国のジレンマ

不振の真っ只中にある中国経済。それを象徴するのが節約志向が強いZ世代だが、彼らの経済感覚はデフレを加速させるのか、それとも消費市場変革の原動力になるのか。

中国の若者層はもともと倹約的である。経済成長のど真ん中で何不自由なく育った一方、ここに来て親の世代では経験しなかった景気後退や高齢化問題が突きつけられ、不安な未来を思い描かざるを得ないからだ。

中国政府は、Z世代(10代後半から20歳代)の消費意欲の減退が経済成長に長期的な打撃を与えかねないとして警戒を強めている。その反面、この世代が新しい市場を開拓していることも認識し、期待を寄せていることも事実だ。

例えば「馬面裙」。この春、アパレル業界に旋風を巻き起こしたのが「漢服」の一つである馬面裙と呼ばれるプリーツスカートタイプの中国伝統衣装だ。馬面裙の「裙」とは「裾」のことで、宋・元の時代に原型が登場し、明・清の時代に大流行した。それが再び、若者たちの間でリバイバルヒットしているのだ。

中国のアパレル需要はコロナ禍に激減した。ゼロコロナの「完全封鎖」が解けて復活すると思われたが、消費の中心であったZ世代が節約志向を強めたため、業界が消滅しかかるほどの打撃を受けた。そこに救世主として現れたのが「馬面裙」だった。

漢服の主な生産地は山東省だ。漢服の生産額は年間1540億円。なかでも龍柄の馬面裙は辰年の“勝負服”として大ヒット、売り上げは1月末時点でで60億円を超えたという。

Z世代の消費行動の変化は、中国の観光業界にも大きな影響を与えている。これまでの旅行は、高級ホテルに泊まって豪華な食事を満喫するといったプライドを満たすものが主流だった。ところがこの春節は、安価な寺院で質素な食事をして瞑想体験だとか、トイレも風呂も無いような片田舎を訪れるという、メンツにとらわれない実質主義が浸透している。

そして、いま中国で人気なのが「夜間学校」だ。受講内容は舞踏、声楽、書道、ヨガ、方言、太極拳、ジャズダンス、メイクアップなどと多岐にわたり、しかも学費が3カ月で1万円ほどというから、地方政府が夜間学校を開設すると即座に定員に達するという。

こうした経済感覚は、Z世代が抱える社会不安や強い自己肯定感、環境意識などが表出したものと言えるだろう。そして、この変化に戸惑っているのがほかでもない、中国政府だ。年間5%の経済成長率を維持し、デフレ懸念を和らげることに懸命な習近平政権にとってZ世代の節約志向は悩みの一つであるものの、その一方で、新たな市場を発掘する産業振興の担い手として期待しているのである。

(団勇人・ジャーナリスト)

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